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From the study by Saavedra and Silverman (button phobia):

(a) One aim was to investigate the role of disgust in a childhood phobia.

Outline one other aim of this study.

(b) The sample in the study was a boy with a phobia of buttons.

Identify two other features of the sample.

24:T1f94,{ "questionId": "326890", "parts": [ { "partId": "a", "markschemeText": "From the study by Saavedra and Silverman (button phobia):\nOne aim was to investigate the role of disgust in a childhood phobia.\nOutline one other aim of this study.\n2 marks for full/detailed aim.\n1 mark for brief/partial aim.\ne.g.,\nTo investigate the role of classical conditioning/evaluative learning in the (button) phobia of a boy (2 marks).\nTo investigate whether behavioural/imagery exposure to buttons would help to treat his phobia (2 marks).\nTo investigate if positive reinforcement helped treat a boy with a phobia (of buttons) (2 marks).\nTo investigate what caused the phobia of buttons in a boy (1 mark).\nTo help treat his phobia of buttons (1 mark).\nTo investigate the origin of the phobia (1 mark).\nTo investigate the role of disgust in phobias (0 marks = already given in the question).\nGuidance:\nDo not credit any aim about the role of disgust in phobias.\nDo accept cognitive-behavioural therapy.\nThe role of operant conditioning = 1 mark max.\nIf disgust is mentioned as an aim about treatment = 1 mark max.", "totalMarks": 2, "answerPoints": [ { "type": "", "point": "\n \n

Full/detailed aim.
e.g.,
To investigate the role of classical conditioning/evaluative learning in the (button) phobia of a boy.
To investigate whether behavioural/imagery exposure to buttons would help to treat his phobia.
To investigate if positive reinforcement helped treat a boy with a phobia (of buttons).

\n ", "marks": 2, "guideline": "Do not credit any aim about the role of disgust in phobias. Do accept cognitive-behavioural therapy." }, { "type": "", "point": "\n \n

Brief/partial aim.
e.g.,
To investigate what caused the phobia of buttons in a boy.
To help treat his phobia of buttons.
To investigate the origin of the phobia.

\n ", "marks": 1, "guideline": "Do not credit any aim about the role of disgust in phobias. The role of operant conditioning = 1 mark max. If disgust is mentioned as an aim about treatment = 1 mark max. To investigate the role of disgust in phobias (0 marks = already given in the question)." } ] }, { "partId": "b", "markschemeText": "The sample in the study was a boy with a phobia of buttons.\nIdentify two other features of the sample.\n1 mark per correct feature.\n9-year-old.\nHispanic/American.\nPresented by his mum to a Child Anxiety and Phobic Program.\nDid not meet the criteria for OCD.\nDid meet the criteria (DSM–IV) for a phobia.\nHe had experienced a bowl of buttons falling on him (at school).\nGuidance:\nList is definitive.\nDo not accept boy or phobia of buttons.\nDo credit ‘got his phobia at 5 years of age/4 years prior to study.’", "totalMarks": 2, "answerPoints": [ { "type": "", "point": "\n \n

9-year-old

2025 - M/J - 9990/11 | Q3

Question (3/10)