2025 - M/J - 8291/11 | Q1

(a) Evaporation is a process in the water cycle.

State what is meant by evaporation of water.

(b) Fig. 1.1 shows interception of water.

(i) Describe how interception affects the water cycle.

(ii) Table 1.1 shows processes in the water cycle.

Show which processes add water to ground water stores.

Table 1.1

(c) Table 1.2 shows the percentage of fresh water withdrawn from water sources by industry in countries from different income groups.

Table 1.2

(i) Use Table 1.2 to describe the relationship between income group and the percentage of fresh water withdrawn from water sources by industry.

(ii) Mongolia is a MIC.

Predict the percentage of fresh water withdrawn from water sources by industry in Mongolia.

Use Table 1.2 to explain your prediction.

prediction

explanation

(d) Permafrost is a water source.

Permafrost can be classified as continuous and discontinuous.

A location with:

• continuous permafrost has 90% of the area with permafrost
• discontinuous permafrost has between 50% and 90% of the area with permafrost.

Fig. 1.2 shows the distribution of permafrost in the Arctic in 2015.

(i) Identify continent X.

(ii) Describe the distribution of permafrost shown in Fig. 1.2.

(iii) Global temperatures are predicted to increase.

Predict the distribution of permafrost in the Arctic in 2035.

Use the key to draw your prediction on Fig. 1.3. Label the distribution.

(iv) Methane is trapped in permafrost.

Explain how methane increases global temperatures.