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It has its origins in movements more concerned with African American cultural roots and self-reliance. Richard Wright’s book of 1954 ‘Black Power’, linked struggles in the USA with the contemporary struggles for African independence and opposition to colonialism. Black Power owes a lot to influential figures like Elijah Mohammed who pursued these ideas, and to radicals like Malcolm X, Stokely Carmichael, and Huey Newton. The context in the US was a movement among urban black Americans in Northern cities with a different experience from the more rural Southern states, and the strong religious influences of the Baptist churches. 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The Black Power movement was a more militant ideology which urged a separation from white America, rather than integration, and was less concerned with non-violent means to achieve political goals. It has its origins in movements more concerned with African American cultural roots and self-reliance. Richard Wright’s book of 1954 ‘Black Power’, linked struggles in the USA with the contemporary struggles for African independence and opposition to colonialism. Black Power owes a lot to influential figures like Elijah Mohammed who pursued these ideas, and to radicals like Malcolm X, Stokely Carmichael, and Huey Newton. The context in the US was a movement among urban black Americans in Northern cities with a different experience from the more rural Southern states, and the strong religious influences of the Baptist churches. When it was clear that Congress could block or weaken legislation proposed by the NAACP, and that the prosperity of the 1950s was not percolating through all of US society, the acceptance of suffering at the hands of white authority, and the attempt at alliance with white liberals, and the hopes from legal means and processes followed by the NAACP, all came under challenge. New radicalism was also fuelled by the international context of decolonization and the inability of white colonizers to maintain control in Africa and Asia, the gap between concerns about freedom and democracy threatened by communism, and the lack of freedom and democracy at home.

Support from younger Americans was important with the SNCC and CORE moving away from traditional Civil Rights outlooks. Disappointment with the Civil Rights progress and greater concern for social and economic change led to the formation of the Black Panthers. The hostility of police and the threat from white resistance drove some African Americans to take up arms. There could be a discussion between the relative importance of key individuals and the developments both within the US and in the wider world.

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Assess the reasons for the growth of the Black Power movement.

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