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McCarthy’s own appeal could also be considered.\n\nThe threats from international Communism seemed real by 1950. Stalin had attempted to gain Berlin in the Blockade; there was plentiful information about Soviet domination in Eastern Europe and plenty of Americans of Eastern European descent horrified at the take overs. When China fell to Communism in 1949 and South Korea was invaded, it seemed that the US had fought against Nazi tyranny and Japanese militarism only to have the result of aggression by other dictatorial regimes. It was relatively easy to believe that a Democratic administration had been ‘soft’ and had thrown away the victory.\n\nThe Cold War had produced an ideological split and the whole wartime propaganda had led to a promotion of American democratic values and freedom which seemed to be threatened. The development of atomic weapons by the USSR brought the threat closer to home. Many Americans could be easily persuaded that there were enemies at home undermining values. The New Dealers and the expansion of Federal power were a concern for many and McCarthy was skillful in playing to prejudices and fears. His service in the marines gave him popular credibility and his demagogic language and his populist attacks on what many regarded as an over powerful and elite establishment were effective. They were also endorsed by many in Congress and used by the Republicans in their opposition to Truman. Eisenhower was careful to avoid outright condemnation and it was only when McCarthy went too far in attacking army leaders that he was discredited.", "totalMarks": 30, "answerPoints": [ { "type": "", "point": "\n \n

Assess the reasons why Americans supported McCarthyism.

Answers should weigh the relative importance of different explanations some of which could be based on external circumstances, some on ideology and some on political factors. McCarthy’s own appeal could also be considered.

The threats from international Communism seemed real by 1950. Stalin had attempted to gain Berlin in the Blockade; there was plentiful information about Soviet domination in Eastern Europe and plenty of Americans of Eastern European descent horrified at the take overs. When China fell to Communism in 1949 and South Korea was invaded, it seemed that the US had fought against Nazi tyranny and Japanese militarism only to have the result of aggression by other dictatorial regimes. It was relatively easy to believe that a Democratic administration had been ‘soft’ and had thrown away the victory.

The Cold War had produced an ideological split and the whole wartime propaganda had led to a promotion of American democratic values and freedom which seemed to be threatened. The development of atomic weapons by the USSR brought the threat closer to home. Many Americans could be easily persuaded that there were enemies at home undermining values. The New Dealers and the expansion of Federal power were a concern for many and McCarthy was skillful in playing to prejudices and fears. His service in the marines gave him popular credibility and his demagogic language and his populist attacks on what many regarded as an over powerful and elite establishment were effective. They were also endorsed by many in Congress and used by the Republicans in their opposition to Truman. Eisenhower was careful to avoid outright condemnation and it was only when McCarthy went too far in attacking army leaders that he was discredited.

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Analyse the reasons why Americans supported McCarthyism.

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