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The possible discussion here is the increasing profile of organisations like the NAACP, the steady work of legal cases brought and the influence of local activists obviously brought publicity and the intervention of the federal government in the most famous of the civil rights actions – Brown v Board of Education. However, the counter view is that segregation continued and the practical results of campaigns were often disappointing. There may be arguments that this was counterbalanced by the preparation made for future change.

In one view the achievements of the movement in the 1950s were to establish non-violent opposition which could attract a range of support and gain respect and valuable publicity for change. The support of NAACP for vital legal cases like Brown led to important legal changes. The work of local organisations led to well publicised campaigns like the Montgomery Bus Boycott which were effective in getting the law changed. The emergence of new organisations like the SCLC in 1957 were significant in organising support and increasing not only the confidence of African Americans but raising civil rights issues. The achievements of individuals in standing up for their rights resulted in greater publicity for the cause and also led to federal actions like the use of federal troops at Little Rock. The Civil Rights Act of 1957 could be used to support this view of gradual achievement.

On the other hand, the resistance generated was so considerable that the achievements were limited. Despite legal rulings discrimination and repression remained and voter registration was low. Eisenhower was reluctant to force the pace of change despite the efforts of the movement and economic inequality remained significant.

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Evaluate how successful the Civil Rights movement was in the 1950s.

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