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The administration's attitude to the missiles could be seen as irresponsible in that the naval action could have provoked a major war. Defenders of Kennedy's policies could point to his decision not to order a military strike on Cuba, despite strong advice to the contrary. Kennedy's decision to 'quarantine' Cuba rather than bomb the missile sites may have helped to prevent a full-scale war breaking out.\n\nThe USSR had already been sending missiles to Cuba when photographs were shown to Kennedy of Soviet troops setting up nuclear armed missiles but Kennedy had wanted to avoid a clash during the election campaigns for the November congressional elections and had said that he would not object to defensive weapons but if offensive weapons were introduced it would a matter of 'the gravest issues 'The attempts on Castro's life and the Bay of Pigs invasion justified for Castro asking for Soviet help to defend his island. Kennedy set up a special group of advisers – ExComm. 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Kennedy also authorised US spy planes and low-level surveillance flights to monitor activity in Cuba – something that could easily have led to war had one been shot down.\n\nHowever, Kennedy did not agree with his advisers to reject a demand from Khrushchev to withdraw the Cuban missiles if the US withdrew missiles from Turkey. He did however ensure that this deal was secret. Officially the deal was that the US promised not to invade, and the Soviet Union withdrew the missiles. Kennedy did not take the shooting down of a US spy plane as a cause of war, delayed acting as far as possible and made a deal over Turkey which defused the situation and prevented further action over Berlin. [30]", "totalMarks": 30, "answerPoints": [ { "type": "", "point": "\n \n

Supporters of the proposition will consider the hostility of the administration to Castro, the assassination attempts and the Bay of Pigs which drove Cuba into a closer relationship with the USSR. The administration's attitude to the missiles could be seen as irresponsible in that the naval action could have provoked a major war. Defenders of Kennedy's policies could point to his decision not to order a military strike on Cuba, despite strong advice to the contrary. Kennedy's decision to 'quarantine' Cuba rather than bomb the missile sites may have helped to prevent a full-scale war breaking out.

The USSR had already been sending missiles to Cuba when photographs were shown to Kennedy of Soviet troops setting up nuclear armed missiles but Kennedy had wanted to avoid a clash during the election campaigns for the November congressional elections and had said that he would not object to defensive weapons but if offensive weapons were introduced it would a matter of 'the gravest issues 'The attempts on Castro's life and the Bay of Pigs invasion justified for Castro asking for Soviet help to defend his island. Kennedy set up a special group of advisers – ExComm. Initially Kennedy agreed on a 'surgical strike' and not until a few days later did the argument that this might be seen as parallel to Pearl Harbor start to carry more weight. Instead, Kennedy opted for a 'Quarantine', demands for no further missiles and the removal of existing ones. Kennedy had been forced by his own warnings to take action but admitted that it was not significant whether a soviet missile was fired on the US from the USSR or Cuba. But he had made a challenge and Khruschev had called his bluff. Kennedy feared that if the USSR went unchallenged then they would move on Berlin. That would leave him with the inevitability of starting a nuclear war. Khrushchev backed down but Kennedy had authorised action against a Soviet submarine which had crossed the quarantine line – something that would have been highly hazardous. Kennedy also authorised US spy planes and low-level surveillance flights to monitor activity in Cuba – something that could easily have led to war had one been shot down.

However, Kennedy did not agree with his advisers to reject a demand from Khrushchev to withdraw the Cuban missiles if the US withdrew missiles from Turkey. He did however ensure that this deal was secret. Officially the deal was that the US promised not to invade, and the Soviet Union withdrew the missiles. Kennedy did not take the shooting down of a US spy plane as a cause of war, delayed acting as far as possible and made a deal over Turkey which defused the situation and prevented further action over Berlin.

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‘Kennedy’s policies towards Cuba were irresponsible.’ Discuss this view.

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2024 - M/J - 9489/42 | Q4

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