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This was a significant move towards more diverse politics and Jackson was only the second Black presidential candidate. Jackson had his roots in the Civil Rights movement as an aide to King. He left the movement in 1971 but took its struggle to a different level by standing for the Democratic nomination but relying on white candidates to support the cause. Support by registered Democrats reached 7 million in 1988. What could be seen as significant was the hope for a Black presidential candidate after the election of a Black mayor of Chicago, Harold Washington in 1983. The rhetoric used in 1983 was of a moral revival and greater consideration to the poor and dispossessed. The terminology harked back to the 1960s with Fred Hampton’s attempts to unite different ethnic political groups but the tone was nonviolent and aimed at working through the Democratic party. The Rainbow Coalition was an extension of King’s work and a reaction against the Reagan era. 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Evaluate the impact of the Rainbow Coalition on US politics in the years 1984 to 1992.

Though there was an earlier Rainbow Coalition, the name in the 1980s derived from 1983 with Jesse Jackson claiming to be fighting for the rights of different elements – African Americans whites, Latino Americans, Native Americans, Asians, women and the LGBTQ community. This was a significant move towards more diverse politics and Jackson was only the second Black presidential candidate. Jackson had his roots in the Civil Rights movement as an aide to King. He left the movement in 1971 but took its struggle to a different level by standing for the Democratic nomination but relying on white candidates to support the cause. Support by registered Democrats reached 7 million in 1988. What could be seen as significant was the hope for a Black presidential candidate after the election of a Black mayor of Chicago, Harold Washington in 1983. The rhetoric used in 1983 was of a moral revival and greater consideration to the poor and dispossessed. The terminology harked back to the 1960s with Fred Hampton’s attempts to unite different ethnic political groups but the tone was nonviolent and aimed at working through the Democratic party. The Rainbow Coalition was an extension of King’s work and a reaction against the Reagan era. Following Mondale’s failure in 1984 Jackson helped to establish a body of Democrat progressive opinion and actually won seven primaries though failed to gain the nomination for 1988.

One view is that he was significant even after this failure, merging his National Rainbow Coalition with PUSH to form the Rainbow/PUSH Coalition in the 1990s. He encouraged Black voter registration and political engagement in his two presidential campaigns paved the way for a new generation of Black leaders and formed a vital part of the modern Democratic Party.

Less favourable views see a campaign marred by antisemitism and unlikely to achieve success, putting back the Democratic electoral chances and feeding fears of radical social policies being linked to the cause of civil rights. Critics saw rhetoric and personal ambition rather than genuinely achievable goals and a betrayal of the original Rainbow Coalition.

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Evaluate the impact of the Rainbow Coalition on US politics in the years 1984 to 1992.

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