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The United States was able to present the outcome the crisis as a victory, so saved face and helped to defuse tensions, ushering in a period of détente.\n\nOn the other hand, the danger of a nuclear war, the concerns among US allies and the de facto compromise of withdrawing the missiles from Turkey showed that uncompromising foreign policy had risks and impelled the towards safer policies. Kennedy had been alarmed at the escalation of tension in October 1962 and agreed the ‘hotline’ between Washington and Moscow to encourage better communication\n\nKennedy and Johnson agreed to re-open talks about nuclear disarmament, culminating the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty in 1963 and to further progress in 1969 with the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.\n\nIt also showed that ‘rollback’ as opposed to defence had its limitations – the crisis not only cemented Castro in power but increased links with the Soviet Union and though the United States had remained hostile, the attempts to overthrow Castro were abandoned.\n\nHowever, the crisis also prompted the United States to continue building up its military hardware and resources in the years to come because of the Soviet Union’s focus on ICBMs", "totalMarks": 30, "answerPoints": [ { "type": "", "point": "\n \n

Indicative content

In one view the significance was that the United States has shown its determination to defend itself and forced a retreat by the Soviet Union, defending traditional foreign policy interests as well as winning a Cold War victory, confirming the wisdom of committing resources to defence which gave power to foreign policy. The United States was able to present the outcome the crisis as a victory, so saved face and helped to defuse tensions, ushering in a period of détente.

On the other hand, the danger of a nuclear war, the concerns among US allies and the de facto compromise of withdrawing the missiles from Turkey showed that uncompromising foreign policy had risks and impelled the towards safer policies. Kennedy had been alarmed at the escalation of tension in October 1962 and agreed the ‘hotline’ between Washington and Moscow to encourage better communication

Kennedy and Johnson agreed to re-open talks about nuclear disarmament, culminating the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty in 1963 and to further progress in 1969 with the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.

It also showed that ‘rollback’ as opposed to defence had its limitations – the crisis not only cemented Castro in power but increased links with the Soviet Union and though the United States had remained hostile, the attempts to overthrow Castro were abandoned.

However, the crisis also prompted the United States to continue building up its military hardware and resources in the years to come because of the Soviet Union’s focus on ICBMs

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2022 - O/N - 9489/42 | Q4

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