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Johnson saw the 1964 act as doing more for Civil Rights than anything in the previous hundred years and Southern resistance was broken down in the backlash from Kennedy’s assassination and in the teeth of Southern Democrat opposition. King spoke of a ‘second emancipation’ The Act banned segregation in all places of public accommodation – courthouses, parks, restaurants, theatres, sports grounds, hotels. It also barred employment discrimination and set up an Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.\n\nFederal funding for any programme which involved discrimination was prohibited. The Office of Education was to assist with school desegregation. Unequal application of voting requirements was forbidden – something strengthened in a separate act of 1965. Subsequent legislation in 1968 banned discrimination in the sale, renting or financing of property. The Act met many of the demands of Civil Rights campaign in the ending of legal discrimination and fulfilled Kennedy’s plan. 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Indicative content

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 ended segregation in public places and made employment discrimination illegal. Johnson saw the 1964 act as doing more for Civil Rights than anything in the previous hundred years and Southern resistance was broken down in the backlash from Kennedy’s assassination and in the teeth of Southern Democrat opposition. King spoke of a ‘second emancipation’ The Act banned segregation in all places of public accommodation – courthouses, parks, restaurants, theatres, sports grounds, hotels. It also barred employment discrimination and set up an Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.

Federal funding for any programme which involved discrimination was prohibited. The Office of Education was to assist with school desegregation. Unequal application of voting requirements was forbidden – something strengthened in a separate act of 1965. Subsequent legislation in 1968 banned discrimination in the sale, renting or financing of property. The Act met many of the demands of Civil Rights campaign in the ending of legal discrimination and fulfilled Kennedy’s plan. It showed African Americans that the resistance of white Southern Democrats could be broken down and it was the most significant advance in legal changes since the Reconstruction period.

However, racial tensions did not disappear overnight, and Johnson was disappointed by the Watts riots and the wave of unrest. Political radicalism, too, did not end with the growth of Black Power. The hostility of local police authorities and the big gap between white and black prison numbers continued, Economic inequality and discrimination in employment and representation in the media and professions continued to be issues for concern. The disproportionate losses of black GIs in Vietnam highlighted ongoing inequality and the gap between ending legal segregation and achieving proportionate representation of black Americans in public office, professions and higher earning jobs and positions of power and status remained.

So, the Act in terms of what went before could be seen as one of huge significance and it could be seen as laying the basis for change. However, there is a debate about the degree of social and economic change that the legislation brought about and how far it resolved racial issues.

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