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Assess the political importance of the Rainbow Coalition in the 1980s.

23:T1551,{ "questionId": "331909", "parts": [ { "partId": "1", "markschemeText": "Assess the political importance of the Rainbow Coalition in the 1980s\n\nIndicative content\n\nTraditional black leadership seemed to have been ineffective in defending the interests of many poor black and Hispanic Americans and Reagan’s policies seemed to be opening up a gap between rich and poor generally. It was this that prompted Jackson to launch the Rainbow Coalition – the ‘coalition of the rejected’ to link ethic groups with poorer whites and radical movements calling for gender equality. The limited response of the Democrats towards social and economic equality was the target and though initially Jackson did not put himself forward as a candidate, he was urged to stand by his followers and made this official in 1983.\n\nThe Rainbow Coalition challenged the Democrats to offer a firmer alterative to Reagan but was seen as unrealistic and a safe choice was Walter Mondale who seemed to stand a chance of being elected as opposed to getting protest votes and alienating moderates. This view as shared by leading black Democrats. But Jackson won 3 million votes in the Primaries and spoke directly to many disadvantaged voters. Jackson needed the organisation of radical black movements like the Nation of Islam but that reduced real chance of success and he was involved in anti-Semitic slurs which discredited him and led to Mondale’s endorsement his popularity remained significant.\n\nBy 1988 the Rainbow coalition had become much less radical and controversial and more in the mainstream of Civil Rights campaigns and of Democratic policies, opposing intervention in the Iran Iraq war, showing concern over drugs and Palestinian violence. However, he still spoke out for greater economic equality and still got considerable mass support from poorer voters. But by 1988 he had more links with mainstream Democrats. While not winning the nomination, Jackson did create a new coalition of interests in the Democratic party and did offer a voice to those for whom the prosperity of the Reagan era did not touch and who were disappointed with the results of Civil Rights movements which had focused more on political than social and economic equality.\n\nLeft wing critics saw the Coalition as opportunist and blamed Jackson for selling out to the mainstream. More sympathetic studies found it offered a new momentum in politics and linked social and economic discontent to a political solution rather than more violent and revolutionary alternatives, having a major impact on the Democrats in the long term and helping to promote change.", "totalMarks": 30, "answerPoints": [ { "type": "", "point": "\n \n

Indicative content

Traditional black leadership seemed to have been ineffective in defending the interests of many poor black and Hispanic Americans and Reagan’s policies seemed to be opening up a gap between rich and poor generally. It was this that prompted Jackson to launch the Rainbow Coalition – the ‘coalition of the rejected’ to link ethic groups with poorer whites and radical movements calling for gender equality. The limited response of the Democrats towards social and economic equality was the target and though initially Jackson did not put himself forward as a candidate, he was urged to stand by his followers and made this official in 1983.

The Rainbow Coalition challenged the Democrats to offer a firmer alterative to Reagan but was seen as unrealistic and a safe choice was Walter Mondale who seemed to stand a chance of being elected as opposed to getting protest votes and alienating moderates. This view as shared by leading black Democrats. But Jackson won 3 million votes in the Primaries and spoke directly to many disadvantaged voters. Jackson needed the organisation of radical black movements like the Nation of Islam but that reduced real chance of success and he was involved in anti-Semitic slurs which discredited him and led to Mondale’s endorsement his popularity remained significant.

By 1988 the Rainbow coalition had become much less radical and controversial and more in the mainstream of Civil Rights campaigns and of Democratic policies, opposing intervention in the Iran Iraq war, showing concern over drugs and Palestinian violence. However, he still spoke out for greater economic equality and still got considerable mass support from poorer voters. But by 1988 he had more links with mainstream Democrats. While not winning the nomination, Jackson did create a new coalition of interests in the Democratic party and did offer a voice to those for whom the prosperity of the Reagan era did not touch and who were disappointed with the results of Civil Rights movements which had focused more on political than social and economic equality.

Left wing critics saw the Coalition as opportunist and blamed Jackson for selling out to the mainstream. More sympathetic studies found it offered a new momentum in politics and linked social and economic discontent to a political solution rather than more violent and revolutionary alternatives, having a major impact on the Democrats in the long term and helping to promote change.

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