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The Korean War reinforced these ideological concerns and took Containment as a policy to Asia. Chinese involvement transformed the war and led to a determination to prevent further expansion even at the expense of supporting a repressive and authoritarian regime. This in turn convinced China that the United States was putting its strategic and economic interests before any real commitment to democracy.\n\nThe United States’ support for an independent Taiwan was a major factor which prevented any improvement in US-China relations, made worse by the United States recognising the government in Taiwan as the official government of China. There was less attempt to improve relations with China than the Soviet Union – Mao remained in power unlike Stalin and there was limited opportunity for a thaw in relations. 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Indicative content

The shock of the Communist victory in 1949 saw ideological concerns that Communism worldwide was spreading and the danger that it would spread to Asia, hitherto not a major US concern. The Korean War reinforced these ideological concerns and took Containment as a policy to Asia. Chinese involvement transformed the war and led to a determination to prevent further expansion even at the expense of supporting a repressive and authoritarian regime. This in turn convinced China that the United States was putting its strategic and economic interests before any real commitment to democracy.

The United States’ support for an independent Taiwan was a major factor which prevented any improvement in US-China relations, made worse by the United States recognising the government in Taiwan as the official government of China. There was less attempt to improve relations with China than the Soviet Union – Mao remained in power unlike Stalin and there was limited opportunity for a thaw in relations. Chinese internal repression and what it saw as a bizarre and costly economic experiment in 1958, together with the false dawn of the 100 Flowers Movement, made the United States unsympathetic to China. The United States’ military superiority and alliances in Asia made it less imperative to try to achieve better relations than the arms race with the Soviet Union and the danger of nuclear war. The situation in Vietnam made it seem imperative to go on providing support for regimes opposed to Communist expansion.

Discussion could focus on the relative importance of ideological and political differences and strategic factors with the need for the United States to protect key allies and its influence in the region and its trade and investment interests.

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Evaluate the factors which influenced US relations with China in the period 1950–63.

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2022 - O/N - 9489/43 | Q4

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