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‘Economic policy in the 1980s had only a limited effect on living standards.’ Discuss.

The theory of Reagan’s Trickle-Down economics was that the problems of the US by 1979 – stagnant growth, unemployment and inflation needed to be met by reducing the role of government and encouraging enterprise by greater consumer spending, investment and free enterprise. Supply Side economics have been controversial. Reagan cut corporate taxes from 48 to 34% and higher income taxation from 70 to 28%. However, it was harder to implement the complementary policy of reduction of spending as foreign policy depended on high levels of defence spending and it was too risky to slash social security. The initial effects of government policy was recession as high interest meant a rise in demand for the dollar and higher prices for exports. However, supporters claimed that the Dow Jones industrial average rose 14 times and employment grew, with 40 million jobs added to the economy, The 1980s were a time of investor and consumer confidence even if debt rose rapidly. Whether the economic growth derived from trickle down policy has been debated. Critics have claimed that less than 10% pf job creation derived from the tax cuts. Companies did not do much to meet inequalities of reward and often used wealth for stock buybacks for the benefit of shareholders. It has been argued that relief for lower income workers would have had more impact on living standards. Though the standard of living rose, its growth was no faster than during 1950–1980. Income inequality increased. The rate of poverty at the end of Reagan's term was the same as in 1980. There was an increase in inequality. Changes in tax policy helped increase inequality more than poverty, but regional pockets of hardship remained and there was a big distinction between groups in service industries which benefited from economic growth and groups in depressed areas and many ethnic minorities did not experience improvement in living standards. Broad social and economic factors were acting to exacerbate income differences and making it harder for families to stay out of poverty. The changes of the 1980s tended to increase their effect.

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2023 - O/N - 9489/41 | Q3

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