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The war in Vietnam deeply split the Democratic Party. The war alienated many blue-collar Democrats, many of whom became political independents or Republicans. Many former party supporters viewed the party as dominated by its anti-war faction, weak in the area of foreign policy, and uncertain about America's proper role in the world. It could be argued that the war was not the only divisive issue – concern about economic issues and affirmative action and social unrest also put pressure on the party. The war drew the Democrats away from a key element in their policies, as resources for the Great Society were diverted. It also prevented the reforms attracting many previous and potential supporters who were alienated by the war. There is a view that political conflict over the Vietnam War helped to bring together different elements on the American right into a cohesive movement and was important in bringing Nixon and then Ronald Reagan to power. The protest movements and the activities of demonstrators and the New Left brought together many conservatives. The disapproval of unpatriotic criticism was combined with concerns about the Great Society extension of federal power and the concessions to Civil Rights. Given Nixon’s efforts to end the war, it might be argued that other factors were more significant, though Nixon was portrayed as having to deal with mismanagement of the war by Johnson. The war put Johnson under strain as he feared a revival of attacks on the Democrats in the 1950s for losing China and he also feared that conservative attacks on foreign policy might underline his all-important domestic agenda. Therefore, the war brought more complex problems for the Democrats. Though this should have been true of the Republicans, Nixon managed to avoid doing harm to party unity by pulling out and instead Watergate and personal feelings became the key issue. 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Assess the impact of the Vietnam War on party politics in the 1960s and 1970s.

Kennedy and Johnson were under pressure not to appear to be giving in to aggression. But there was increasing concern by Democrats about the war and the way it was being waged. The war in Vietnam deeply split the Democratic Party. The war alienated many blue-collar Democrats, many of whom became political independents or Republicans. Many former party supporters viewed the party as dominated by its anti-war faction, weak in the area of foreign policy, and uncertain about America's proper role in the world. It could be argued that the war was not the only divisive issue – concern about economic issues and affirmative action and social unrest also put pressure on the party. The war drew the Democrats away from a key element in their policies, as resources for the Great Society were diverted. It also prevented the reforms attracting many previous and potential supporters who were alienated by the war. There is a view that political conflict over the Vietnam War helped to bring together different elements on the American right into a cohesive movement and was important in bringing Nixon and then Ronald Reagan to power. The protest movements and the activities of demonstrators and the New Left brought together many conservatives. The disapproval of unpatriotic criticism was combined with concerns about the Great Society extension of federal power and the concessions to Civil Rights. Given Nixon’s efforts to end the war, it might be argued that other factors were more significant, though Nixon was portrayed as having to deal with mismanagement of the war by Johnson. The war put Johnson under strain as he feared a revival of attacks on the Democrats in the 1950s for losing China and he also feared that conservative attacks on foreign policy might underline his all-important domestic agenda. Therefore, the war brought more complex problems for the Democrats. Though this should have been true of the Republicans, Nixon managed to avoid doing harm to party unity by pulling out and instead Watergate and personal feelings became the key issue. Assessment might weigh the impact of the war against other factors which affected party politics, but the main thrust of the question is Vietnam and other issues should be compared with that.

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Assess the impact of the Vietnam War on party politics in the 1960s and 1970s.

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2023 - O/N - 9489/43 | Q2

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