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Marshall seemed genuinely concerned with what he saw of shattered European cities and economies. The plan was praised for its unselfishness and portrayed as a sort of good neighbour initiative.\n\nHowever, there is evidence that Soviet accusations of ‘dollar diplomacy’ and US economic aims of establishing freer trade and economic markets have some justification and the close association of Marshall Aid and the Truman Doctrine suggest that the US saw the inks between depressed economies and the growth of communism which was not only politically repugnant but a threat to strategic interests. The European Recovery Programme of 1948 followed a commitment to defend free peoples in the Truman Doctrine and could be seen as part of ideological conflict. The context was fear that poverty in Europe would offer opportunities for the growth of Communism in the same way that depression had fuelled the rise of Hitler. 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The rhetoric stressed humanitarian support and a sense of US responsibility for Europe in contrast with the isolationism which followed the First World War. Marshall seemed genuinely concerned with what he saw of shattered European cities and economies. The plan was praised for its unselfishness and portrayed as a sort of good neighbour initiative.

However, there is evidence that Soviet accusations of ‘dollar diplomacy’ and US economic aims of establishing freer trade and economic markets have some justification and the close association of Marshall Aid and the Truman Doctrine suggest that the US saw the inks between depressed economies and the growth of communism which was not only politically repugnant but a threat to strategic interests. The European Recovery Programme of 1948 followed a commitment to defend free peoples in the Truman Doctrine and could be seen as part of ideological conflict. The context was fear that poverty in Europe would offer opportunities for the growth of Communism in the same way that depression had fuelled the rise of Hitler. Marshall was aware by 1947 of the poor economic situation in Europe and also the problem of gaining any agreement with Stalin for any joint action. The solution was for a Europe-based self -sufficient recovery programme which would require cooperation among the European nations and would lead to sustained recovery. This would avoid a resort to protectionism and open up trade. The $12.3billion did stimulate recovery and cooperation.

However, motives have been widely discussed. It could be argued that the measure was an offensive against the USSR aimed to destabilise Soviet control of Eastern Europe by offering Eastern Europe countries support which they could not get from the USSR. Ideological differences between a free trade market economy and a soviet style command economy were dividing Europe. Did Marshall hope to gain support for western ideology from the countries of Eastern Europe? Or was the measure aimed at the more developed economies of Western Europe with the assumption that Eastern Europe would not be allowed to participate? Was the aim defensive? – to bolster Western Europe where there was a large communist element in the same way that Turkey and Greece had been supported.

A primary motivation of the Marshall Plan was to safeguard America’s access to European markets. The American economy was dependent on these markets to sell its surplus goods. If they ceased to exist, then overproduction in the United States would again be a problem.

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