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Study Document 1.

Child labor unions in Latin American countries are trying to achieve improvements for their members.

Explain three different improvements as given by the author of Document 1.

25:T1ae9,{ "questionId": "332145", "parts": [ { "partId": "1", "markschemeText": "Child labour unions in Latin American countries are trying to achieve improvements for their members.\nExplain three different improvements as given by the author of Document 1.\n\nRM Assessor annotation: ✓ for each correct identification. The annotation should be placed within the body of the text to indicate where the marks were awarded.\n\nCredit 1 mark for a simple explanation plus 1 mark for a correctly developed explanation for each of three different improvements. e.g.\n\n• Unions protect child workers’ rights / (set up projects to) improve working conditions (Para 6) ✓ (simple)\nDefend the right to work rather than children having to work illegally / Demand that governments provide legal protection ✓ (Para 3) [Development]\n[As synthesised from different parts of the document, direct quoting, if correctly linked, as well as correct paraphrasing is acceptable]\n\n• Unions can provide better-paying jobs for children (Para 6) ✓ (simple) because they can make agreements with buyers to pay fair prices (e.g. Venezuela) / because they can get their members to act together in strikes to increase pay.✓ (e.g. Newspaper boys in Bolivia.) (Para 6) [Development] [As these are do not require synthesis the development part needs to be paraphrased not just quoted] / People pay us less because we are young and so we are discriminated against. (Para 3)\n\n• Unions require members to stay in school (Para 6) ✓ (simple) so children can work a few hours a day but still go to school (Para 4) / if working full-time (like Victor Chipani) they can still go to night school (to improve their status/futures – e.g. applying to medical school.) (Para 2) ✓ [Development] [Synthesised so direct quoting, if correctly linked, is acceptable]\n\nA simple explanation may be copied directly from the text. A development point requires using the text rather than just quoting it. This might involve correct paraphrase, correct precis or correct synthesis of parts of the text as described above.\n\nCredit 1 mark\n• for a development point used instead of a simple point ✓\n• for a simple explanation that quotes from the text without paraphrasing or synthesis e.g. In Ecuador, the union has organised cooperatives that provide better-paying jobs for children. ✓\n\nCredit 0 marks\n• for answers that are not linked to the role of the child labour unions. e.g. Child Labor Eradication or ILO\n• for answers that do not relate explicitly to actual improvements e.g. NGOs funding and adult social workers advising unions.\n• for a general explanation that refers to less vulnerable rather than identifying definite improvements e.g. Child labourers are now less vulnerable because they are part of the union.\n• for answers with no creditworthy material.", "totalMarks": 6, "answerPoints": [ { "type": "", "point": "\n \n

Improvement 1 (simple): Unions protect child workers’ rights / (set up projects to) improve working conditions (Para 6) ✓ (simple)

Improvement 1 (development): Defend the right to work rather than children having to work illegally / Demand that governments provide legal protection ✓ (Para 3) [Development] [As synthesised from different parts of the document, direct quoting, if correctly linked, as well as correct paraphrasing is acceptable]

Improvement 2 (simple): Unions can provide better-paying jobs for children (Para 6) ✓ (simple)

\n ", "marks": 1, "guideline": "A simple explanation may be copied directly from the text. Credit 1 mark for a simple explanation that quotes from the text without paraphrasing or synthesis (e.g. In Ecuador, the union has organised cooperatives that provide better-paying jobs for children)." }, { "type": "", "point": "\n \n

Improvement 2 (development): because they can make agreements with buyers to pay fair prices (e.g. Venezuela) / because they can get their members to act together in strikes to increase pay. ✓ (e.g. Newspaper boys in Bolivia.) (Para 6) [Development] [As these are do not require synthesis the development part needs to be paraphrased not just quoted] / People pay us less because we are young and so we are discriminated against. (Para 3)

Improvement 3 (simple): Unions require members to stay in school (Para 6) ✓ (simple)

Improvement 3 (development): so children can work a few hours a day but still go to school (Para 4) / if working full-time (like Victor Chipani) they can still go to night school (to improve their status/futures – e.g. applying to medical school.) (Para 2) ✓ [Development] [Synthesised so direct quoting, if correctly linked, is acceptable]

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2021 - M/J - 9239/11 | Q1

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